Although recognition of Meléndez has been eclipsed over the centuries by that of fellow Spaniard Francisco Goya (1746-1828), Meléndez’s work has received increasing attention from scholars and collectors in recent years. Modern scholarship of his work, including extensive technical examination, has taken on new momentum in the last few decades, providing insight into the artist’s meticulous approach to rendering still lifes. Meléndez’s acute realism and the austerity of his compositions anticipate aspects of modern art, demonstrating a sensibility that resonates even today.
Luis Meléndez was born in Naples, Italy into a family of artists. He was initially trained in the art of miniature painting by his father, Francisco Antonio. The artist began his career with great promise, studying at the provisional Royal Academy in Madrid, an institution that his father helped to found. Yet in 1748, after Francisco Antonio publicized his disagreements with the Academy, both he and his Luis were expelled from the Academy—an event that significantly damaged the son’s prospects for a successful academic career. Indeed, Meléndez’s aspirations for public recognition, particularly for the prestigious position of painter to the King, were never met with success.
However, in 1771 Meléndez received a commission from Charles, Prince of Asturias (later King Charles IV), and his wife, Princess Maria Luisa, to paint an extensive series of still lifes for the New Cabinet of Natural History in the Royal Palace. The royal commission, a central event in the painter’s life, led to modest success with other patrons, though it was cancelled abruptly in 1776. Meléndez died shortly after declaring himself a pauper in 1780, and his reputation sank into relative obscurity.

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